Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by muscle necrosis and the release of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation. The clinical manifestations and diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis will be reviewed here.

A breakdown of skeletal muscle due to direct or indirect muscle injury. If not treated immediately, it can lead to kidney damage.

The symptoms include:

• Muscle pain in the shoulders, thighs, or lower back

• Muscle weakness or trouble moving arms and legs

• Dark red or brown urine or decreased urination

• Some cases may show no Muscle-related symptoms

Common tests & procedures

Blood test: Including hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets.

Radiography: To check for fractures.

CT scan: CT scan of the head helps to check for altered sensorium, significant head trauma, seizure, neurologic deficits of unknown origin.

Urine test: To check for myoglobin in urine, which is a byproduct of muscle breakdown.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Provides a detailed study of defected muscle fibers.

Treatment of rhabdomyolysis mainly constitutes supportive care with adequate hydration, and the goal is to prevent acute renal failure. The etiology for rhabdomyolysis can be classified into two broad categories. Traumatic or physical causes and nontraumatic or nonphysical causes.

If untreated for a prolonged period it may lead to

• Electrolyte abnormalities

• Hypoalbuminemia

• Hyperuricemia

• Compartment syndrome

• AKI and renal failure

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, a late complication)

• Rate each affected muscle group separately and combine in accordance with 38 CFR 4.25.

• Separately evaluate any chronic renal complications within the appropriate body system.