Anemia occurs when there is an abnormally low number of erythrocytes in the hemoglobin or a low volume of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) per 100 ml of blood occurring from an imbalance between blood production and blood loss through injury or bleeding.

Iron deficiency anemia is when there are not enough healthy red blood cells caused by decreased levels of iron in the body. Without enough iron, the body cannot produce enough substance in red blood cells (hemoglobin) that enable them to carry oxygen.

The causes of iron deficiency anemia may be due to a number of factors including:

• inadequate dietary intake of iron

• infection

• blood loss resulting from drug-induced gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from anticoagulants, aspirin, or steroids

• blood loss from trauma, GI ulcers, malignancy or varices

• increased iron requirements

• pregnancy

• decreased iron absorption after the removal of part or all of the stomach

Manifestations of iron deficiency anemia may include:

• progressive fatigue

• dyspnea on exertion or at rest

• palpitations

• weakness

• glossitis

• nausea

• anorexia

• headache

• fainting

• irritability

• listlessness

• forgetfulness

• inability to concentrate

• tachycardia

• numbness, tingling, or cold extremities

• brittle nails

Tests may include complete blood count (CBC), blood serum chemistry, or blood smear tests. Additional tests, such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, or ultrasounds, may be completed to identify the underlying cause.

The treatment for iron deficiency anemia is iron replacement with oral preparations of iron, or a combination of iron and vitamin C to enable iron absorption. Iron may also be given intravenously in certain cases. Elimination of contributing causes during treatment is significant. Rest periods are necessary during treatment. A well-balanced diet with foods rich in iron is also recommended.

If the condition is due to an underlying cause, treatment for the underlying condition may be prescribed.

Mild iron deficiency anemia does not usually cause complications. However, if left untreated it could become severe and lead to heart problems and problems with pregnancy.

• Prior to December 9, 2018, this condition was evaluated under diagnostic code 7700.

• Consider service connection for primary anemia on a presumptive basis as a chronic condition (38 CFR 3.307; §3.309(a)).

• Do not evaluate iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss under this diagnostic code. Evaluate iron deficiency anemia due to blood loss under the criteria for the condition causing the blood loss.