Atrophy involves the reduction in the size of an organ or tissue.

Atrophy of the testes may result from the following conditions: viral orchitis (inflammation of the testes); trauma (thermal or physical); radiation damage; as well as environmental estrogens or substances that affect the promotion of masculinity (antiandrogens), e.g., testosterone. Unilateral atrophy (involves one testis) occurs in one-third of the patients with orchitis, and bilateral atrophy (involves both testes) occurs in one-tenth of patients. Radiation doses higher than 200mGy (20rad) can cause damage.

The testes function by producing the male reproductive cells (spermatozoa), and the male hormones testosterone and inhibin. A complete atrophy of the testes would result in a lack of functioning. Decreased or lack of functioning would result in absence of body hair, high-pitched voice, sterility, smooth skin, loss of sexual desire, and low metabolism.

Semen analysis is done to evaluate functioning. Atrophy can be perceived 1 to 6 months after acute orchitis. Patients should be evaluated for history of exposure to potential etiological causes. Past occupational and recreational activities should be evaluated as well as exposure to environmental hazards, e.g., microwaves, ultrasound, and chemicals that are known to affect the production of sperm.

Hormone replacement therapies are instituted to correct deficiencies caused by decreased functioning due to atrophy. Androgen is given to reinstate male sexual characteristics. Gonadotropins are given to restore fertility.

The results from semen analysis reveal that the return to normal occurs in 75% of men with unilateral involvement from orchitis, but only in approximately 33% of those with bilateral involvement. However, the degree of atrophy is not directly related to the extent of orchitis infection.

• May be entitled to special monthly compensation under 38 CFR 3.350(a) [Special monthly compensation ratings]. (Loss of use of a creative organ).

• When evaluating any claim involving loss or loss of use of one or more creative organs, refer to 38 CFR 3.350 of this chapter to determine whether the Veteran may be entitled to special monthly compensation. Footnotes in the schedule indicate conditions which potentially establish entitlement to special monthly compensation; however, there are other conditions in this section which under certain circumstances also establish entitlement to special monthly compensation.