The rectum, an organ located at the lower end of the large intestine, is situated between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal. Protrusion of the rectum through the anus results from the dropping down of the rectum. Rectum, prolapse of may be complete or partial. Complete prolapse of all layers of the rectal mucous membrane is referred to as procidentia.

Weakened sphincters or muscles of the anus may cause the condition, and coughing and straining may aggravate the condition. Risk factors for the condition may include conditions that affect the pelvic floor or rectum; injuries; tumors; aging; chronic wasting; wasting diseases; and nutritional disorders.

Procidentia is the most prominent symptom, which usually occurs while straining, walking, or standing. There may be rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, pain in the lower abdomen, sensations of rectal fullness, and incontinence. The condition is usually painless.

Diagnostic measures include physical examination, sigmoidoscopy, and barium enema. The condition must be differentiated from hemorrhoids. (See Diagnostic Code: 7336 Hemorrhoids, external or internal.)

Treatment may vary according to the age of the patient, and to the cause or causes and extent of the condition. Drug therapy may be used, and surgery may be indicated. Correction of underlying nutritional disorders may also be a part of the treatment schedule.

The condition may recur if the underlying cause or causes are not corrected. There may be permanent rectal incontinence. The possible outcomes include: pelvic abscesses; pus draining from the rectum; rectal stenosis, constipation, and pain upon defecation.

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